Defining Ethical Relativism (ER)
From the fountains of naturalism and empiricism springs ethical relativism. Naturalism argues that all that exists is the natural universe, and that nothing supernatural exists. Empiricism argues that the only things that exist are what we can perceive through our five senses. ER relies heavily on these underpinnings, holding that since naturalism and empiricism are true there can be no independent, external source for morality (God). Morals become simply descriptions of the attitudes held by individuals and societies in various places and at various times.
How Does a Relativist Argue for ER?
ER is a conclusion which is based on two premises. Since individuals and societies vary on what is moral (diversity thesis), and since the determining factor in morals is whatever individuals or societies are willing to accept as morally right (dependency thesis), then objective, universal, moral truths do not exist.
Assessing Relativism
When individuals can determine unilaterally what is morally right (subjectivism), or when societies can do the same (conventionalism), then ER can only result in the ultimate breakdown of a society. If morality is not objective and universal, and moreover, if it is not grounded in God’s goodness, then societies will arrive at ethical systems which will ultimately tend to destroy themselves. There is an absurdity to ER, especially as it draws from subjectivism, because it precludes conflict resolution, ratifies any form of behavior, produces moral chaos, and eventually reduces morality to an abstraction. The appreciation of art or beauty would hold more substance than a moral system developed under the theory of ER. Additionally, conventionalism fails because it denies any moral claim to reformation. Without periodic reformation, because of the fallen nature of man, moral systems will degrade and societies disintegrate.
Why is it So Attractive in Society?
ER is attractive because it puts us in control of morality. It appeals to the fallen nature of man, whose heart despises obedience, humility, and submission, for these are counter to the proclivities of the pride. ER is also appealing on the basis that it validates the views of others, even when they are in conflict, and seeks to create an environment of acceptance and tolerance. However, the very view breeds the very problems it seeks to solve. When everyone is allowed to arrive at his or her own moral conclusions, there is no foundation for order and, thus, no one is morally satisfied.
Why is it Attractive Even Amongst Christians?
Some Christians find ER attractive either because of their spiritual immaturity or biblical illiteracy. Christians should reject ER as antithetical to Scripture and a denial of our telos to be conformed to the image of Christ.